Formal Languages & Automata Theory syllabus

syllabus

UNIT - I Introduction to Finite Automata, Structural Representations, Automata and Complexity, the Central Concepts of Automata Theory – Alphabets, Strings, Languages, Problems. Deterministic Finite Automata, Nondeterministic Finite Automata, an application: Text Search, Finite Automata with Epsilon-Transitions.

UNIT - II Regular Expressions, Finite Automata and Regular Expressions, Applications of Regular Expressions, Algebraic Laws for Regular Expressions, Properties of Regular LanguagesPumping Lemma for Regular Languages, Applications of the Pumping Lemma, Closure Properties of Regular Languages, Decision Properties of Regular Languages, Equivalence and Minimization of Automata.

 UNIT - III Context-Free Grammars: Definition of Context-Free Grammars, Derivations Using a Grammar, Leftmost and Rightmost Derivations, the Language of a Grammar, Sentential Forms, Parse Tress, Applications of Context-Free Grammars, Ambiguity in Grammars and Languages. Push Down Automata,: Definition of the Pushdown Automaton, the Languages of a PDA, All JNTU World Equivalence of PDA's and CFG's, Deterministic Pushdown Automata. 

UNIT - IV Normal Forms for Context- Free Grammars, the Pumping Lemma for Context-Free Languages, Closure Properties of Context-Free Languages. Decision Properties of CFL's - Complexity of Converting among CFG's and PDA's, Running time of conversions to Chomsky Normal Form. Introduction to Turing Machines-Problems That Computers Cannot Solve, The Turing Machine, Programming Techniques for Turing Machines, Extensions to the basic Turing machine, Restricted Turing Machines, Turing Machines, and Computers 

UNIT - V Undecidability: A Language that is Not Recursively Enumerable, An Undecidable Problem That is RE, Undecidable Problems about Turing Machines, Post's Correspondence Problem, Other Undecidable Problems, Intractable Problems: The Classes P and NP, An NP-Complete Problem. 

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